(图源《母乳低聚糖:功能、法规管理及应用前景》报告)
目前,已分离和鉴定出的HMO单体达200多个,且含量占比差异很大。由于我们无法以真正的人乳作为HMO的提取来源,所以据了解,目前奶粉配方中的HMO主要有两种来源:一种是在配方中添加通过工业化生成的HMO单体或组合[12],比如2’-FL、2’-FL+LNnT;另一种是采用乳清滤出液来源的低聚糖,通过专利技术使配方中天然富集唾液酸化的HMO 3’SL[13]。
参考资料(下滑查看更多):
[1]Zivkovic AM, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(Suppl 1):4653-8.
[2]Bode L. Glycobiology. 2012;22:1147-62.
[3]Kunz C, et al. Ann Rev Nutr. 2000;20(1):699-722.
[4]HMO含量:Nobert S. et al. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022;35:280–299.
[5]LF含量:Affolter M, et al. Nutrients. 2016, 8: 504.
[6]ReidG.Probioticsand prebiotics-progressand challenges[J]. In-ternational Dairy Journal,2008,18(10-11):969-975.
[7]MichałW, Ewelina S, Jakub G, et al. Human milk oligosaccharides: Health benefits, potential applications in infant formulas, and pharmacology [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12(1): 266.
[8]ReidG.Probioticsand prebiotics-progressand challenges[J]. In-ternational Dairy Journal,2008,18(10-11):969-975.
[9]Kuntz S, Rudloff S, Kunz C. Oligosaccharides from human milk influence growth-related characteristics of intestinally transformed and non-transformed intestinal cells [J]. Br J Nutr, 2008, 99: 462–471.
[10]Bode L.Human milk oligosaccharides:Every baby needs a sugar mama [J]. Glycobiology, 2012, 22(9): 1147–1162.
[11]Bing W.Molecular mechanism underlying sialic acid as an essential nutrient for brain development and cognition [J]. Adv Nutr, 2012, 3(3): 465–472.
[12]Estorninos E, et al. Term infant formula supplemented with milk-derived oligosaccharides shifts the gut microbiota closer to that of human milk-fed infants and improves intestinal immune defense: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Jan 11;115(1):142-153.
[13]王艳菲, 公丕民, 张兰威. 母乳低聚糖及其在婴幼儿配方乳粉中的替代品研究进展[J]. 乳业科学与技术, 2020, 43(1):8.
[14]有益菌:指双歧杆菌;致病菌:指降低90%的艰难梭菌,是引起婴儿腹泻的主要致病菌。Estorninos E, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2021;00:1–12.
[15]实证:指乳清滤出液来源的低聚半乳糖经过了临床实证;Estorninos E, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Jan 11;115(1):142-153.